Zusammenfassung
Ein besseres Verständnis der Faktoren, die die ärztliche Arbeitszufriedenheit beeinflussen,
ist nicht nur für Ärzte, sondern auch für Patienten, Manager und Politiker von Relevanz.
Ärzte stellen die zentrale Ressource im Gesundheitswesen dar. Wenn eine effizientere
und qualitätsorientierte Gesundheitsversorgung erreicht werden soll, ist es unerlässlich,
die Motivatoren von Ärzten zu untersuchen und stärker zu berücksichtigen. Untersuchungen
haben gezeigt, dass die Arbeitszufriedenheit von Ärzten bedeutende Effekte auf die
Produktivität, die Qualität der Versorgung und die Anzahl ärztlich tätiger Mediziner
hat. Diese Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen arbeitsbezogenen monetären
und nicht-monetären Faktoren und deren Einfluss auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit zweier
vergleichbarer Stichproben von Ärzten in Universitätskliniken in Deutschland und den
USA; zwei Länder, die trotz unterschiedlicher Gesundheitssysteme beide Probleme mit
der Rekrutierung und Erhaltung ihrer ärztlichen Arbeitskräfte haben. Die Antworten
auf den Fragebogen wurden mittels Faktoren- und Korrelationsanalyse sowie deskriptiver
Statistik ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass deutsche Ärzte im Allgemeinen weniger
zufrieden sind als US-amerikanische. Im Hinblick auf bestimmte arbeitsbezogene Prädiktoren
der ärztlichen Zufriedenheit ergaben sich in beiden Ländern ähnliche Faktoren. Um
die ärztliche Zufriedenheit zu verbessern, sollten Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, die
die zeitliche Belastung der Ärzte verringern und die Möglichkeit zur stärkeren Interaktion
mit Patienten und Kollegen fördern. Außerdem sollten auch die monetären Anreize verbessert
werden und die Einbindung von Ärzten in die Entwicklung von Versorgungsprozessen und
administrative Entscheidungen der Patientenversorgung gefördert werden.
Abstract
Understanding the factors that affect physicians’ job satisfaction is important not
only to physicians themselves, but also to patients, health system managers, and policy
makers. Physicians represent the crucial resource in health-care delivery. In order
to enhance efficiency and quality in health care, it is indispensable to analyse and
consider the motivators of physicians. Physician job satisfaction has significant
effects on productivity, the quality of care, and the supply of physicians. The purpose
of our study was to assess the associations between work-related monetary and non-monetary
factors and physicians’ work satisfaction as perceived by similar groups of physicians
practicing at academic medical centres in Germany and the U.S.A., two countries that,
in spite of differing health-care systems, simultaneously experience problems in maintaining
their physician workforce. We used descriptive statistics, factor and correlation
analyses to evaluate physicians’ responses to a self-administered questionnaire. Our
study revealed that overall German physicians were less satisfied than U.S. physicians.
With respect to particular work-related predictors of job satisfaction we found that
similar factors contributed to job satisfaction in both countries. To improve physicians’
satisfaction with working conditions, our results call for the implementation of policies
that reduce the time burden on physicians to allow more time for interaction with
patients and colleagues, increase monetary incentives, and enhance physicians’ participation
in the development of care management processes and in managerial decisions that affect
patient care.
Schlüsselwörter
ärztliche Arbeitszufriedenheit - Anreize - Humanressourcen
Key words
physician job satisfaction - incentives - human resources
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Korrespondenzadresse
Prof. Dr. K. Janus
Department of Health Policy and Management
Columbia University
600 West 168th Street
6th floor
New York
NY 10032
Email: kj2186@columbia.edu